Systems and methods for aggregating harvest yield data

ABSTRACT

The present invention is for an autonomous aerial vehicle that enables near real-time computation of harvest yield data. Generally, the autonomous aerial vehicle receives combine harvest data from a harvesting vehicle, generates high-resolution yield data based on sensor suite that is on-board the autonomous vehicle, obtains edge compute data from an edge computing device at the edge of the network, and segments the received combine harvest data, the generated high-resolution yield data, and the obtained edge compute data. The aerial vehicle applies data normalization models to the segmented data and computes a normalized harvest yield for at least a portion a land tract. In this manner, the data delivery vehicles computes normalized data that otherwise can by noisy and unreliable.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 17/060,025, titled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONNECTED COMPUTATION IN NETWORK CONSTRAINED SYSTEMS,” filed on Sep. 30, 2020. That application claims benefit of, and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/907,727, titled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONNECTED COMPUTATION IN NETWORK CONSTRAINED SYSTEMS,” filed on Sep. 30, 2019. Both applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND Field of the Art

This disclosure relates to systems and methods for improving agronomics production and yield. More specifically, the present invention relates to systems and methods for aggregated harvesting yield based on autonomous vehicle deployment.

Discussion of the State of the Art

According to the UN's Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the world's population is over 7.6 billion people. It is projected to be north of 9.8 billion people in 2050 while annual global crop production growth has been hovering at only 1.4% per year. It won't take long before demand for food out-strips our capacity to grow it.

In an effort to boost productive crop yield—especially in face of increasingly unpredictable weather patterns—farmers are turning to technology solutions, which are sometimes generally referred to as Precision Agriculture or Digital Agriculture. The leaders in this space have begun to utilize the data stream produced by sophisticated farm machinery. This data is used to identify areas of improvement and risk mitigation.

Today's data analytics systems are quite advanced and sophisticated. However, it is still rather difficult to connect data produced by farm machinery and in-field sensors to cloud analytics systems because most farms and farm machinery is located in rural areas with poor network connectivity. The network connectivity and availability problem is especially acute in less developed countries because of lack of investment by the telecoms in these sparsely populated regions. For these reasons connected computation, which is traditionally available to other applications, is not a viable option for agribusinesses that want to leverage sophisticated computing systems to unlock data driven insights.

Timely data transfer is a key enabler for the end-to-end processing of agricultural data—especially when timely data processing is necessary to implement the insights that are provided by analytics systems. However, farmers struggle to connect their machines to a network infrastructure because of the limitations outlined above. Because of the poor network availability, communities with poor network connectivity typically rely on USB sticks that plug into a vehicle's onboard monitor to store data. At the end of the day or week, the USB sticks are collected and brought back to the office to ingest the valuable data generated by the machines and its sensors.

This current solution, however, is unreliable at best, and at worst, leads to complete failure and data loss. For example, there is no end of stories about lost, erased, stolen and confused USB sticks, which not only reduces the amount of available data, but also potentially exposes the downstream analytics system to false or inapplicable data. Take for example a tractor in Brazil planting a field of soy beans in Mato Grosso State. The largest planters pulled by these high horsepower tractors have the ability to plant over 48 rows at a time. It is easy to imagine the complexity when dealing with 10, 50 or 100 USB sticks across multiple tractors, combines, sprayers and spreaders that have worked across hundreds of fields in a single area. One misplaced or confused USB drive could result in thousands of acres of lost data.

This problem is exacerbated because of the closed-end nature of modern agricultural systems. For example, modern planters are not only planting the seeds themselves at precisely controlled populations, they are applying fertilizers and crop protection products at the same time. All of this is being tightly controlled and monitored by on-board systems that are logging the location of each seed with RTK level GPS positioning. Months later this field is harvested with a combine equipped with yield monitor that can almost instantaneously calculate the productivity of the field. The killer app for these systems is the ability to close the loop with the ‘as-planted’ map from the planter. By doing this farmers can evaluate the efficacy of seed selection and crop protection package. Couple this with soil sample data and historical weather and the relevant decision makers can make very informed decisions about farming practices for the coming crop year. As such, lost data, which may be caused by lost or misplaced USB sticks or dropped or non-existent network connectivity, can negatively impact an entire growing season (and not just real-time decisions that may have to be made on-site).

The lost or dropped data problem is further exacerbated when it comes to making real-time decisions on a farm based on insights provided by data analytics system. For example, in one crop per year environments, which includes much of the US Midwest, farmers typically must make the most out of every crop year since they only get one chance each year to succeed with any given crop (as opposed to, for example, other areas where farmers are typically planting multiple crops a year providing multiple pathways to profit). Over their lifetimes, such farmers are the primary decision maker on about 40 crops, and, as a result, do not have yield and production data readily available, and, more importantly, cannot afford to guess because a bad decision can prove to be economically disastrous. These farmers are increasingly turning to real time data to inform their mid-year crop protection and fertility decisions. In field sensors that measure soil moisture, soil temperature, ambient temperatures, relative humidity and wind speeds among many other parameters can give farmers the information they need to increase the probability of having a successful crop.

However, reliably connecting these sensors to downstream analytics systems with reliable connection with sufficient bandwidth has proven to be very complex task. The traditional approach of using legacy cell based technology, or dedicated networks or satellite connectivity has proven to be too expensive and the bandwidth too limited to be a viable option. In addition, as the number of sensors and devices increase in the future, due to cost, technology demand and other factors, strain on various networking technologies will only increase. For these reasons, farmers are simply unable to leverage the advances in Precision Agriculture and to improve yield and/or production.

In addition, farmers are becoming increasingly reliant on computing recommendation systems to obtain the best yield possible from their land tracts. For example, farmers are often using computing systems to obtain recommendation regarding which seeds to plant, which farm management practices to apply, which crop protection plans to apply, which tillage program to apply, etc. Farming analytics software (which can make data driven recommendations about how to obtain optimal output from a field) needs accurate and high-quality current and historic yield information to help analyze farming practices and make recommendations. However, yield data that farmers are able to obtain is historically noisy and inaccurate, and can be unreliable for this purpose. Often, this is because different harvesters (which may be deployed, for example to cooperatively harvest a land tract or a given area) use different yield monitors, which are not usually calibrated to each other. As a result, when yield data is plotted on a land tract, it can appear “zebra-striped” and/or generally noisy. This type of data results typically can cause the farming analytics software to output unreliable recommendations. In addition, yield data can be further affected by variables related to climate, weather, topographical and geographical conditions and contexts. Currently, farm analytics software is hampered by poor and/or unreliable yield data, and, because of the unreliable yield data, is unable to provide useful or valuable recommendations.

SUMMARY

The illustrative embodiments provide a method, system, and computer program product for enabling data-centric computing platform comprising device, edge, and cloud computing infrastructure for reliable data transfer and data processing in an end-to-end digital agriculture system. Specifically, the present invention enables device and edge computing on certain collected data, which enables deep analytics in a cloud computing device. More specifically, the present invention standardizes how IoT data from field devices is ingested and normalized, provides a systematic approach to divide and distribute data-processing workload, automatically scales data-processing tasks to accommodate a wide spectrum of data complexity and volume, and simplifies how AI/ML inferencing functions are built and deployed to edge devices.

As such the present invention is a departure from currently available edge computing solutions that address one or two of these challenges described above. For instance, AWS GREENGRASS® service permits users to run microservices (in the form of Lambda functions) on embedded edge gateways. AZURE® IOT EDGE offers similar functionality except in the form of explicitly containerized apps. But these services fail to enable sophisticated data-processing capability over a network of large number of IoT and edge devices before sending the aggregated data to the cloud. Unlike these systems which simply cannot deal with the multi-dimensional complexity that is present in working with field data, the present invention takes into account sensor information on the in-field machinery itself, as well as inter-communication between machinery in field without human intervention—while, at the same time, collecting and storing robust data sets in agricultural areas of little or perhaps no network connectivity. In one embodiment of the invention, aerial based drones or similar technology may be used as a means to monitor in-field assets, as well as collect, process, and move data sets physically while in memory or in persistent storage from one location to another, the latter of which may possess network connectivity at limited or intermittent availability.

The present invention enables real-time decision making in-field environments, especially ones that are bereft of network connectivity. For example, the data transport systems and methods disclosed herein enables coordination of a grain cart with a grain elevator that may otherwise not be connected to each other. More specifically, the present invention enables a grain cart to ramp up, ramp down, or otherwise continue operation based on space and availability constraints at a grain elevator. In another example, the drone may obtain pricing information from two or more grain elevators and provide to an in-field environment with little to no network connectivity. Armed with this data, the in-field operator may be enabled to make a decision about whether to drive extra miles for higher prices by computing, for example, the additional fuel cost associated with a further drive and whether it would yield a higher return in terms of higher prices being offered.

In addition, the present invention enables two-way communication between a data delivery vehicle and an edge compute node and/or cloud compute node. As such, when a data delivery vehicle travels to the edge of a cell, it can not only upload the data that it has received form a physical asset, but it can download other relevant information for in-field operations. For example, continuing the example above, it can download the latest grain elevator prices and/or offerings for various grain elevators in an area (which may not have connectivity either), and upload that data to an edge compute node that can make a variety of computations about which grain elevator a transport vehicle should travel to for maximizing returns, etc. The same systems and methods enable intelligent in-field and real-time decision making in other use cases or contexts as well. For example, the two-way data processing and data transport systems and methods described herein enable real-time in field decision making for, hauling scrap out of a construction site, for picking up asphalt for a construction site, etc.

Although various embodiments of the invention described herein are related to smart agriculture systems, the present invention may be used in any use case or scenario where IoT devices are deployed, including, but not limited to commercial and home automation, smart factories or smart manufacturing, smart cities, smart environment, smart agriculture, smart health systems, smart construction and heavy machinery environments. For example, IoT networks may be used for smart agriculture systems, water distribution systems, electric power distribution systems, pipeline control systems, plant control systems, light switches, thermostats, locks, cameras, alarms, motion sensors, construction device, and the like including any industrial environment.

Embodiments herein recognize that determining accurate agricultural or harvesting yields can be challenging in view of a myriad of factors, including variability in performance and efficiencies among harvester machines and machine types, lack of, or limited, historical yield data correlated with crop varieties, prevailing growth as well as harvesting climate, weather and topographical conditions, and limitations in communication infrastructure and technology which can adversely and directly affect accurate determination of harvesting yields, especially in real-time during actual harvesting operations.

In particular, provided is a method for normalizing harvest yield data from an operation for harvesting crops. The computer-implemented method comprises receiving combine harvest data from a harvesting vehicle, the combine harvest data obtained from a yield monitor sensor that is on-board the harvesting vehicle, the combine harvest data comprising data collected from a first portion of a land tract; receiving high-resolution harvest data from an data delivery vehicle, the high-resolution harvest data obtained from a sensor suite that is on-board the data delivery vehicle, the high-resolution harvest data comprising data collected from at least the first portion of the land tract; obtaining edge compute data, the edge compute data comprising additional information related to at least one of the land tract, the crop, historic weather information associated with an agricultural cycle, and farm practices data; segmenting the received combine harvest data, the received high-resolution harvest data, and the obtained edge compute data; applying a normalization model to the segmented data for normalizing harvest yield data, the normalization model applied to the received combine harvest data, the received high-resolution harvest data, and the obtained edge compute data; and computing a normalized harvest yield for at least a portion of the land tract based on the applied data normalization model.

Also provided is a data delivery vehicle including a processor and a non-transitory computer readable memory. The memory stores instructions, which, when executed in the processor cause operations comprising receiving combine harvest data from a harvesting vehicle, the combine harvest data obtained from a yield monitor sensor that is on-board the harvesting vehicle, the combine harvest data comprising data collected from a first portion of a land tract; receiving high-resolution harvest data from an aerial data delivery vehicle, the high-resolution harvest data obtained from a sensor suite that is on-board the aerial vehicle, the high-resolution harvest data comprising data collected from at least the first portion of the land tract; obtaining edge compute data, the edge compute data comprising additional information related to at least one of the land tract, the crop, historic weather information associated with an agricultural cycle, and farm practices data; segmenting the received combine harvest data, the received high-resolution harvest data, and the obtained edge compute data; applying a normalization model to the segmented data for normalizing harvest yield data, the normalization model applied to the received combine harvest data, the received high-resolution harvest data, and the obtained edge compute data; and computing a normalized harvest yield for at least a portion of the land tract based on the applied data normalization model.

Further provided is a non-transitory computer readable memory storing instructions. The instructions are executable in a processor device to cause operations comprising receiving combine harvest data from a harvesting vehicle, the combine harvest data obtained from a yield monitor sensor that is on-board the harvesting vehicle, the combine harvest data comprising data collected from a first portion of a land tract; receiving high-resolution harvest data from an aerial data delivery vehicle, the high-resolution harvest data obtained from a sensor suite that is on-board the aerial vehicle, the high-resolution harvest data comprising data collected from at least the first portion of the land tract; obtaining edge compute data, the edge compute data comprising additional information related to at least one of the land tract, the crop, historic weather information associated with an agricultural cycle, and farm practices data; segmenting the received combine harvest data, the received high-resolution harvest data, and the obtained edge compute data; applying a normalization model to the segmented data for normalizing harvest yield data, the normalization model applied to the received combine harvest data, the received high-resolution harvest data, and the obtained edge compute data; and computing a normalized harvest yield for at least a portion of the land tract based on the applied data normalization model.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES

The accompanying drawings illustrate several embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention according to the embodiments. It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that the particular arrangements illustrated in the drawings are merely exemplary and are not to be considered as limiting of the scope of the invention or the claims herein in any way.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example operating environment in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the inventive system in an exemplary operating environment in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a process diagram illustrating the inventive process described herein in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a detailed view of the example three-dimensional (3-D) image of objects and pick points within a robotics picking system in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a data flow between devices within the example operating environment in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method of consolidating datasets in a robotics picking system in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a conceptual data flow diagram illustrating the data flow between different means/components in an exemplary apparatus.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus employing a processing system.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method of consolidating datasets in a robotics picking system in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates, in an example embodiment, a data delivery vehicle deployment in a harvesting operational environment.

FIG. 11 illustrates, in an example embodiment, a system architecture operative to maintain communication among vehicles and network infrastructure in a harvesting operational environment.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example embodiment of a computer implemented method based on a data delivery vehicle deployment in a harvesting operational environment.

FIG. 13 illustrates, in an example embodiment, a method of generating an aggregated harvesting yield based on a data delivery vehicle deployment in a harvesting operational environment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The inventive system and method (hereinafter sometimes referred to more simply as “system” or “method”) described herein enable data-centric edge computing infrastructure for reliable data transfer and data processing in an end-to-end digital agriculture system. Specifically, the present invention enables edge computing on certain collected data, which enables deep analytics in a cloud computing device. More specifically, the present invention standardizes how IoT data from field devices is ingested and normalized, provides a systematic approach to divide and distribute data-processing workload, automatically scales data-processing tasks to accommodate a wide spectrum of data complexity and volume, and simplifies how AI/ML inferencing functions are built and deployed to edge devices.

One or more different embodiments may be described in the present application. Further, for one or more of the embodiments described herein, numerous alternative arrangements may be described; it should be appreciated that these are presented for illustrative purposes only and are not limiting of the embodiments contained herein or the claims presented herein in any way. One or more of the arrangements may be widely applicable to numerous embodiments, as may be readily apparent from the disclosure. In general, arrangements are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice one or more of the embodiments, and it should be appreciated that other arrangements may be utilized and that structural, logical, software, electrical and other changes may be made without departing from the scope of the embodiments. Particular features of one or more of the embodiments described herein may be described with reference to one or more particular embodiments or figures that form a part of the present disclosure, and in which are shown, by way of illustration, specific arrangements of one or more of the aspects. It should be appreciated, however, that such features are not limited to usage in the one or more particular embodiments or figures with reference to which they are described. The present disclosure is neither a literal description of all arrangements of one or more of the embodiments nor a listing of features of one or more of the embodiments that must be present in all arrangements.

Headings of sections provided in this patent application and the title of this patent application are for convenience only and are not to be taken as limiting the disclosure in any way.

Devices that are in communication with each other need not be in continuous communication with each other, unless expressly specified otherwise. In addition, devices that are in communication with each other may communicate directly or indirectly through one or more communication means or intermediaries, logical or physical.

A description of an aspect with several components in communication with each other does not imply that all such components are required. To the contrary, a variety of optional components may be described to illustrate a wide variety of possible embodiments and in order to more fully illustrate one or more embodiments. Similarly, although process steps, method steps, algorithms or the like may be described in a sequential order, such processes, methods and algorithms may generally be configured to work in alternate orders, unless specifically stated to the contrary. In other words, any sequence or order of steps that may be described in this patent application does not, in and of itself, indicate a requirement that the steps be performed in that order. The steps of described processes may be performed in any order practical. Further, some steps may be performed simultaneously despite being described or implied as occurring non-simultaneously (e.g., because one step is described after the other step). Moreover, the illustration of a process by its depiction in a drawing does not imply that the illustrated process is exclusive of other variations and modifications thereto, does not imply that the illustrated process or any of its steps are necessary to one or more of the embodiments, and does not imply that the illustrated process is preferred. Also, steps are generally described once per aspect, but this does not mean they must occur once, or that they may only occur once each time a process, method, or algorithm is carried out or executed. Some steps may be omitted in some embodiments or some occurrences, or some steps may be executed more than once in a given aspect or occurrence.

When a single device or article is described herein, it will be readily apparent that more than one device or article may be used in place of a single device or article. Similarly, where more than one device or article is described herein, it will be readily apparent that a single device or article may be used in place of the more than one device or article.

The functionality or the features of a device may be alternatively embodied by one or more other devices that are not explicitly described as having such functionality or features. Thus, other embodiments need not include the device itself.

Techniques and mechanisms described or referenced herein will sometimes be described in singular form for clarity. However, it should be appreciated that particular embodiments may include multiple iterations of a technique or multiple instantiations of a mechanism unless noted otherwise. Process descriptions or blocks in figures should be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps in the process. Alternate implementations are included within the scope of various embodiments in which, for example, functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those having ordinary skill in the art.

While the presently described invention is not limited to the area of agriculture or agronomics, below is provided an exemplary embodiment within that field of invention. This use case considers an agriculture deployment in an area with little or no local network connectivity (fiber, copper, or cellular network coverage) as illustrated in FIG. 1. More specifically, the physical assets required to harvest the crop in a modern day deployment are shown in FIG. 1. A system of combine harvesters must harvest product within the predefined geographical area. The combine harvesters then deposit the payload of product into the grain cart. When the grain cart is deemed full, either by human operator, or increasingly weight and volume measurements within the vehicle itself, the grain cart must deposit the payload into the tractor trailer. Upon depositing the payload, or typically multiple payloads over time and filling of the tractor trailer, the tractor trailer can be deployed to market and/or a downstream processing facility either via autonomous vehicle, human driver or other means.

The logistical nuances of this scenario are quite challenging. First, the payload product is often perishable and thus has a temporal component to its delivery. At the same time, there are numerous cases in which either a combine harvester (or a plurality thereof) may become stationary due to power issues, geographical issues, or meteorological issues thereby stopping the overall agricultural workflow. In addition, the grain cart itself may become physically stuck on site, or may have sensor calibration issues. This may result in sub-optimal deployment such as premature times, or improper load weight. In other instances, the grain cart may fail to deploy altogether. The trailer itself, may also need to know when to deploy to the market based on crop perishability, payload, fuel costs, fuel on-site etc.

While the limitations described above may seem ripe for emergent internet-of-things based deployment, oftentimes the geographical location of the farm and yield is in areas of low or unreliable network connectivity. Moreover, deploying additional human labor to such a scenario is costly and non-scalable at global demand. The challenge then is how to monitor the in-field deployment, how to collect the ever increasingly valuable field and yield data for down stream processing, and how to get said data out of an environment in which there is little or no network connectivity, computational ability or large scale data storage.

FIG. 2 illustrates one exemplary embodiment that solves the above mentioned problems within the agricultural space (as also mentioned above, the invention described herein is not limited to this embodiment or use case—it is a non-limiting embodiment described herein for convenience and ease of understanding).

As illustrated in FIG. 2, a combine harvester (1) will harvest crops within the deployment zone while recording georeferenced yield data with an onboard monitor. Upon reaching its onboard storage capacity the Combine Harvester will offload into a Grain Cart 2. Grain Cart 2 will accumulate the harvest yield until reaching a certain payload measured in either volume or weight. Upon reaching said limit, Grain Cart 2 transfers payload to Tractor Trailer 3 for shipment to market for sale, a processing facility or long term storage. The market, processing facility or storage facility may be a substantial distance from the location of the crop. The sensors that may be associated with the combine harvester 1, grain cart 2, and tractor trailer 3 are hereinafter also referred to more generally as physical assets 110.

The remaining elements that are illustrated in FIG. 2, illustrate an exemplary system and process for enabling monitoring of the in-field deployment, by, for example, collecting the ever increasingly valuable field and yield data for down stream processing, getting said data out of an environment in which there is little or no network connectivity, computational ability or large scale data storage. More specifically, the data delivery vehicles 140 may download data from the physical assets 110 and store the data on-board. The data delivery vehicle 140 may travel to edge of local network compute and storage device(s) 130 (hereinafter also referred to as local area compute node(s) 130) and upload the stored data on the edge of local network compute and storage device(s) 130. The edge of local network compute and storage device(s) 130 may segment the received data as well as other data that it may received or downloaded from other sources, and may upload data that may be necessary for non-real-time analysis or for cloud compute processes onto the data delivery vehicle 140. The data delivery vehicle 140 may travel to an area 150 defined by available network coverage, including, for example, area of coverage 150 for a given cellular tower, into which the data delivery vehicle 140 is in range with appropriate signal quality. Once in coverage 150, the data may be uploaded to cloud storage and compute infrastructure 160, including, but not limited to for example AMAZON AWS® or MICROSOFT AZURE®. As described in greater detail below, offline and non-real time compute, analysis and business intelligence may reside and execute here.

In one embodiment, the data delivery vehicle 140 may also comprise vision analytics 141, data collection and gateway communications module 142, and local business intelligence module 143. These modules are described in greater detail below, but, generally, these modules enable the data delivery vehicle 140 to communicate with physical assets 110 and make decisions about where to travel to, etc. For example, the data collection and communication gateway 142 (which is also illustrated as data transfer engine 201 in FIG. 5) interfaces with physical assets 110 to receive and/or transmit data to these devices 110. The local vision analytics system 141 determines, in one example, the location of particular physical assets 110 in an effort to compute a flight path to those devices for communication uplink and/or downlink. In other examples, the local vision analytics system 141 identifies areas of the field that are harvested and/or unharvested, planted and/or unplanted, watered and/or un-watered, etc. to identified potential locations associated with physical assets 110 that may be harvesting, planting, watering, fertilizing, etc. The local business intelligence engine 143 may provide data about prices associated with the payload that the physical assets may be monitoring. For example, the business intelligence engine 143 may monitor prices offered by various grain elevators or storage silos, which may signal the physical assets to speed up with processes and/or slow down its processes, work for a longer period of time and/or shorter period of time, etc. This aspect is particularly important in use cases that are handling time-sensitive items and/or perishable items. For example, certain crops must be milled or processes within a certain number of hours after harvesting. In those cases, it is helpful to obtain business intelligence information to speed up or slowdown harvest accordingly. In other embodiments, for example, in construction scenarios, certain items like mixing concrete and delivering it to construction locations, it is helpful to know whether there is a specific need for concrete before initiating an irreversible chemical reaction at a location that is remote from the construction site.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary process for transporting data to and/or from physical assets 110 to local compute node 130 and/or cloud compute node 160. In one embodiment, the process may begin when a data delivery vehicle 140 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a drone for ease of reference and simplicity) is launched 310. The data delivery vehicle 140 may travel to one or more locations associated with physical assets 110 a capture field data 320. In the agriculture use case, field data may comprise, for example, data from cameras or image devices, multispectral sensor data, sap flow data, temperature data, ambient humidity data, soil temperature data, soil moisture data, air velocity data, rain data, ground data, etc. In a construction use case, for example, field data may comprise material transportation status, build status, reaction start times, end times, etc.

Generally, the data delivery vehicle 140 may be referred to as an unmanned aerial vehicle, a UAV, and/or may refer to any autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicle that is capable of performing some functions without a physically present human pilot. A data delivery vehicle 140 can take various forms. For example, the data delivery vehicle 140 may take the form of a fixed-wing aircraft, a glider aircraft, a tail-sitter aircraft, a jet aircraft, a ducted fan aircraft, a lighter-than-air dirigible such as a blimp or steerable balloon, a rotorcraft such as a helicopter or multicopter, and/or an ornithopter, among other possibilities. In some aspects, data delivery vehicle 140 may be capable of vertical take-off and/or landing, among other features.

The process continues by processing and/or compressing field data that is received from the physical assets 110. A variety of different processing and/or compression systems and techniques may be used, as would be apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the scope of the invention. In one embodiment, the data delivery vehicle 140 may compute a flight path and autonomously travel to a local area compute node 130 and/or the cloud compute node 140. Once the data delivery vehicle 140 is in range of communication with the local area compute node 130 and/or the cloud compute node 140, it may send the field data to each one or more of the devices 130 and/or 140. In one embodiment, the local area compute node 130 may tag and format data to send to the cloud compute node 160. The data delivery vehicle 140 may receive additional data (including, for example, results data) from the local compute node 130 and/or the cloud compute node 160 that may be sent 350 to physical assets 110. The results data may be used to modify the operation of the equipment that may be in operation at the field site. In other words, based on the results data, farmers can make informed changes to their field operations.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the inventive system described herein. It comprises physical asset(s) 110, local area compute node(s) 130, cloud compute node 160, data delivery vehicles 140, and network 150. The various computing devices described herein are exemplary and for illustration purposes only. The system may be reorganized or consolidated, as understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art, to perform the same tasks on one or more other servers or computing devices without departing from the scope of the invention.

The physical asset(s) 110 generally refers to sensors that may be placed in a field environment. The sensors may generally sense, measure, compute, control and/or collect data in the field environment. In one embodiment, physical assets 110 may generally also include devices that are commonly known as internet-of-things (IoT) devices, which may connect to other devices to form a local or a wider network of devices that may function in cooperation with each other, autonomously, and/or semi-autonomously. In one embodiment, physical assets 110 may be attached to and/or associated with field devices such as harvesters, grain carts, tractor trailers, etc. in the context of agricultural use case. In a construction use case, physical assets 110 may be attached to and/or associated with filed devices such as cement mixers, bulldozers, diggers, dump trucks, etc.

Often, physical assets(s) 110 are limited in memory, size, or functionality, but also allowing for larger numbers of devices to be deployed for a similar cost to smaller numbers of larger devices. However, physical asset(s) 110 may be a smart phone, laptop, tablet, or PC, or other larger devices, as well as smaller and less expensive low power microcontroller based solutions with limited compute, sensing and network connectivity. Further, physical asset(s) 110 may be virtual devices, such as an application on a smart phone or other computing device. IoT devices (or groups of IoT devices) may be accessible through remote computers, servers, and other systems, for example, to control systems or access data. Physical asset(s) 110 may execute one or more client applications, or a dedicated application to submit sensor data. In particular embodiments, each physical asset 110 may be an electronic device including hardware, software, or embedded logic components or a combination of two or more such components and capable of carrying out the appropriate functions implemented or supported by the device 110.

A group or set of physical asset(s) 110 that are connected to one another using wired and/or wireless technologies may be referred to as a “network of physical assets,” an “IoT network,” or the like. Networks of physical assets 110 may be used for a wide variety of applications in various deployment scenarios, including precision and/or autonomous agriculture, smart and/or autonomous construction and building environments, commercial and home automation, smart factories or smart manufacturing, smart cities, smart environment, smart agriculture, smart health systems, smart construction, etc. For example, networks of physical assets 110 may be used for smart agriculture systems, water distribution systems, electric power distribution systems, pipeline control systems, plant control systems, light switches, thermostats, locks, cameras, alarms, motion sensors, and the like.

In the case of agriculture based deployments of the invention, physical assets 110 may include, for example, farm-based sensor devices and/or other data sources such as cameras, multispectral sensors, sap flow sensors, temperature sensors, ambient humidity sensors, soil temperature sensors, soil moisture sensors, air velocity transducers, rain sensors, ground data based on flying drones that gather image data, and/or any other type of sensor device that may aid a farmer in determining how the farmer's crops are doing at any given time.

In one embodiment of the invention, the physical assets 110 may transfer the collected data, computed data, monitored data and/or control data wirelessly to data delivery vehicles 140. A variety of different wireless communication systems and methodologies may be used to transfer data from the physical assets 110 to the delivery vehicles 140, as would be apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the scope of the invention. Various communications systems and methodologies are described in greater detail further below.

The data delivery vehicles 140 may be drones (however, they are not limited to drones) that are in communication with physical assets 110, and can be used to transport data to various other computing devices in the exemplary network environment including local area nodes 130, cloud compute nodes 160, back haul networks, etc. In the absence of reasonable cellular network coverage (or other network) at the crop site, the data delivery vehicles 140 essentially provide the network connectivity of the edge compute node 130 to adjacent cellular network cells at periodic intervals. Upon joining a particular cell, data can be offloaded from data delivery vehicles 140 to the local area compute node 130 and/or the cloud compute node 160 for further processing. In one embodiment, the data delivery vehicles 140 may perform local area object recognition and movement analysis, multi-spectrum imagery collection and light weight processing. Data delivery vehicles 140 may also perform light weight data collection on device, and light weight business intelligence.

Local area compute nodes 130 generally refer to well-provisioned computing devices that are capable of sophisticated analysis. In other words, the computing systems of the local area compute nodes 130 are generally able to perform compute operations that the computing devices of the physical assets 110 are unable to perform and/or may not have sufficient computing resources to perform. Exemplary local area compute nodes 130 may be described based on the disclosure herein, including but not limited to multicore computing device such as ARM, Intel or similar, may comprise gigabytes of local RAM storage, and terabytes of local hard disk storage. Local area compute nodes 130 are capable of running applications such inference engine, additional or standalone vision and video monitoring, predictive analytics, predictive maintenance, software defined networking functionality and automation. In one embodiment, the local area compute node devices 130 may compress or prepare data for transport via a vehicle for back haul. Local area compute nodes 130 may refer to, example and not by way of limitation, computing systems that are embedded computer system, a system-on-chip (SOC), a single-board computer system (SBC) (such as, for example, a computer-on-module (COM) or system-on-module (SOM)), a desktop computer system, a laptop or notebook computer system, an interactive kiosk, a mainframe, a mesh of computer systems, a mobile telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a server, or a combination of two or more of these. Where appropriate, the computing system may include one or more computer systems; be unitary or distributed; span multiple locations; span multiple machines; or reside in a cloud or edge compute node, which may include one or more cloud components and one or more edge compute components in one or more networks. Where appropriate, one or more computing systems may perform without substantial spatial or temporal limitation one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein. As an example, and not by way of limitation, one or more computing systems may perform in real time or in batch mode one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein. One or more computing systems may perform at different times or at different locations one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein, where appropriate. In one embodiment, local area compute nodes 130 may include network gateways, used to couple physical assets to other IoT devices and to cloud applications, for data storage, process control, and the like.

Cloud storage and cloud compute devices 160 may refer to Cloud storage and compute infrastructure of choice, such as Amazon AWS or Microsoft Azure. Offline, quasi real-time, and non-real time compute, analysis and business intelligence may reside and execute here.

Network cloud 150 generally represents a network or collection of networks (such as the Internet or a corporate intranet, or a combination of both) over which the various components illustrated in FIG. 1 (including other components that may be necessary to execute the system described herein, as would be readily understood to a person of ordinary skill in the art). In particular embodiments, network 150 is an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a portion of the Internet, or another network 150 or a combination of two or more such networks 150. One or more links connect the systems and databases described herein to the network 150. In particular embodiments, one or more links each includes one or more wired, wireless, or optical links. In particular embodiments, one or more links each includes an intranet, an extranet, a VPN, a LAN, a WLAN, a WAN, a MAN, a portion of the Internet, or another link or a combination of two or more such links. The present disclosure contemplates any suitable network 150, and any suitable link for connecting the various systems and databases described herein.

The network 150 connects the various systems and computing devices described or referenced herein. In particular embodiments, network 150 is an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a portion of the Internet, or another network 421 or a combination of two or more such networks 150. The present disclosure contemplates any suitable network 150.

One or more links couple one or more systems, engines or devices to the network 150. In particular embodiments, one or more links each includes one or more wired, wireless, or optical links. In particular embodiments, one or more links each includes an intranet, an extranet, a VPN, a LAN, a WLAN, a WAN, a MAN, a portion of the Internet, or another link or a combination of two or more such links. The present disclosure contemplates any suitable links coupling one or more systems, engines or devices to the network 150.

In particular embodiments, each system or engine may be a unitary server or may be a distributed server spanning multiple computers or multiple datacenters. Systems, engines, or modules may be of various types, such as, for example and without limitation, web server, news server, mail server, message server, advertising server, file server, application server, exchange server, database server, or proxy server. In particular embodiments, each system, engine or module may include hardware, software, or embedded logic components or a combination of two or more such components for carrying out the appropriate functionalities implemented or supported by their respective servers. For example, a web server is generally capable of hosting websites containing web pages or particular elements of web pages. More specifically, a web server may host HTML files or other file types, or may dynamically create or constitute files upon a request, and communicate them to clients devices or other devices in response to HTTP or other requests from clients devices or other devices. A mail server is generally capable of providing electronic mail services to various clients devices or other devices. A database server is generally capable of providing an interface for managing data stored in one or more data stores.

In particular embodiments, one or more data storages may be communicatively linked to one or more servers via one or more links. In particular embodiments, data storages may be used to store various types of information. In particular embodiments, the information stored in data storages may be organized according to specific data structures. In particular embodiment, each data storage may be a relational database. Particular embodiments may provide interfaces that enable servers or clients to manage, e.g., retrieve, modify, add, or delete, the information stored in data storage.

The system may also contain other subsystems and databases, which are not illustrated in FIG. 1, but would be readily apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art. For example, the system may include databases for storing data, storing features, storing outcomes (training sets), and storing models. Other databases and systems may be added or subtracted, as would be readily understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the scope of the invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary data delivery vehicle 140 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The data delivery vehicle 140 may comprise a data uplink and/or downlink system 202, and a data routing system 204. The data uplink and/or downlink system 202 may further comprise a data transfer engine 201 and a data store 202, a data routing system 204. The data routing system 204 may further comprise a data filter, a data segmentation engine 207, a destination device identification engine 209, a destination device location identifier 211, a flight path compute engine 213, vision analytics engine 141, data collection and communication gateway 142, and local business analytics engine 143.

The data uplink and/or downlink system 202 interfaces with other devices illustrated in FIG. 1 to upload and/or download data to and/or from those devices. More specifically, the data transfer engine 201 interfaces with, for example, physical assets 110, local area compute node(s) 130 and/or the cloud compute node 160 to send and/or receive data to and/or from these devices. In one embodiment, the data transfer engine 201 may convert data for enabling communication using a variety of different communication protocols. For example, in one embodiment, the data transfer engine 201 may package some data for via Bluetooth communication protocols and may re-package the data for delivery via a local area networking protocol and/or cellular communication protocols, etc.

The data store 203 stores data that may be received by the transfer engine 201. A variety of data storage systems and technologies may be used, as would be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the scope of the invention. In one embodiment, the data store 203 may also store a log of all data that is downloaded and/or uploaded by the data transfer engine. In one embodiment, the contents of the data store 203 may be deleted once the data is uploaded to a local area compute node 130 and/or the cloud compute node 160.

The data routing system 204 processes data and determines how to route the data to one or more other components described in reference to FIG. 4. In one embodiment, the data filter 205 of the data routing system 204 may filter the data that is received by the data transfer engine 201. The filtering step ensures that only data that is interesting for downstream processing is saved and/or uploaded to other devices, which helps reduce storage costs and bandwidth costs that may be associated with storing and/or transferring data for downstream processing. In one embodiment, the data filter 205 may filter data based on a variety of different factors or dimensions to filter data that may not be useful or may be detrimental to the local compute node 130 and/or the cloud compute node 160.

The data segmentation engine 207 segments data for upload to the local area compute node 130 and/or the cloud compute node. The segmentation process ensures that appropriate is sent to an appropriate compute node for further processing. For example, it would not be appropriate to send data that require real-time or near-real-time computation to an offline cloud compute node 160 that may not process the data in real-time or near-real-time. More broadly, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the data segmentation engine 207 may segment data by identifying data that should be processed in near real-time, wherein the data that should be processed in near real-time is tagged as local compute data. In another instance, the data segmentation engine 207 may identify data that does not require near-real-time response and tag that data as cloud compute data. In another instance, the data segmentation engine 207 may identify data sets that are less than a threshold size, wherein the data sets that are less than a threshold size are tagged as local compute data by the data segmentation engine 207. In another instance, the data segmentation engine 207 may identify data sets that are beyond that of the memory level of the local area compute node, wherein the data sets that are beyond the memory level of the local area compute node are tagged as cloud compute data. In another instance, the data segmentation engine 207 may identify data that exceeds the maximum capacity of the business intelligence products and tag that data as cloud compute data. In another instance, the data segmentation engine 207 may identify data that exceeds the maximum capacity of traditional database solutions and tag that data as cloud compute data. In another instance, the data segmentation engine 207 may identify data that uses distributed file systems for data storage and tag that data as cloud compute data. In another instance, the data segmentation engine 207 may identify data that requires map-reduce type technologies for analysis, and tag that data as cloud compute data.

In one embodiment of the invention, the data segmentation engine 207 may segment data based on several parameters, including but not limited to whether the data requires real-time analysis, the memory level required to process the data, whether the data can be post-processed, whether the data can be categorized as business intelligence data, and whether the data can be characterized as large-scale data. Real time data is often collected from sensors or physical assets 110 themselves. The real time data has the potential to be changing over time, often quite rapidly. To this end, rapid analytics are required to process the data in real time. Real time data may be tagged as local area network node data by the data segmentation engine 207. With regard to the memory level parameter, the data segmentation engine 207, may, for example, identify data sets wherein the size of the data is smaller than that of the memory available on the local area network compute node 130. At the time of this writing, local area compute clusters 130 can often be at the terabyte scale. Data sets that can be processed by memory available on local area network compute nodes 130 may be tagged as local area compute data. With regards to the post processing parameter, post processing or offline analysis which are capable of being performed by large scale systems such as HADOOP® are generally tagged as cloud compute data by the data segmentation engine 207. With respect to the business intelligence parameter, datasets that are less than a terabyte level can be tagged as local area compute data. This data can be used to discover business opportunities from the vast sets of data. Larger data may be tagged as cloud compute data and may be used in offline mode of operation to discover business opportunities. If the size of the data to be analyzed exceeds the maximum capacity of the business intelligence products and/or traditional database solutions, or if the data uses distributed file systems for data storage, and/or map-reduce type technologies for analysis, then the data may be tagged as cloud compute data.

In one embodiment of the invention, the data segmentation engine 207 tags data that is stored in the data store 203. In one embodiment, the tag data may be stored as metadata associated with the data that is stored in the data store 203. However, as would be apparent to others of skill in the art, other methods for tagging data may be used without departing from the scope of the invention. In one embodiment, the data tags identifies relevant data as the data is passed from one device to another within the system described in FIG. 1. Because the various devices within the system of FIG. 1 may communicate with each other, it is possible that the same data may be provide to one or more devices through different data routes. In some of those instances, data dedupe efforts may fail especially if the data is modified by a device as it is ingested or otherwise processed by one or more devices. In the same or other instances, it is desirable to reduce the amount of data that is transferred from one device to another to save on transmission costs and/or bandwidth loads. In those instances, the data tags enable a device to smartly identify data that has not been received by the device and receive only the data that has not passed through the device's memory. More specifically, the data segmentation engine 207 may, for example, tag harvest data that it is received from a harvester. If the same harvest data is sent to the data delivery vehicle 140 (but from a different source such as a tractor), then the previously received data may be rejected on the basis of the tags that are associated with data. In other instances, the tags may be used to dedupe the data more effectively.

The destination device identification engine 209 may identify destination devices that may be able to process the segmented data. In one embodiment, the destination device identification engine 209 may identify local area compute nodes 130 for processing local compute data. The destination device identification engine 209 may identify cloud compute nodes 160 for processing cloud compute data.

The destination device location identifier 211 may identify the location associated with a local area compute node 130 and/or cloud compute node. In one embodiment, the destination device location identifier 211 may identify local area compute nodes 130 that are capable of handling the size and type of data that is segmented as local compute data. In one embodiment, the destination device location identifier 211 may identify an area within cellular coverage for uploading and/or downloading data from the cloud compute node 160. In one embodiment, the destination device location identifier 211 may identify local area compute nodes 130 and/or cloud compute coverage area that is closest to the location of the data delivery vehicle 140.

The flight path compute engine 213 computes a flight path from the location the data delivery vehicle 140 to the local area compute node 130 and/or the cloud compute node 160 coverage area. In one embodiment, the flight path compute engine 213 may reference an external database to identify and compute a flight path from the location the data delivery vehicle 140 to the local area compute node 130 and/or a cellular connectivity region associated with the cloud compute node 160.

The navigation control unit 215 controls the mechanical components of the data delivery vehicle 140 to enable the data delivery vehicle 140 to travel along the computed flight path. A variety of control mechanisms and systems may be used, as would be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the scope of the invention.

The vision analytics engine 141 and the local business analytics engine 143 are described in greater detail in reference to FIG. 2. That discussion is herein incorporated by reference.

FIG. 10 illustrates, in an example embodiment, data delivery vehicle(s) 140 that are deployed in a harvesting operational environment 100. The system may comprise one or more data delivery vehicles 140, physical assets 110, edge of local network compute node 130, and cloud storage and compute infrastructure 160 (which are further described in reference to the above figures).

As illustrated in FIG. 10, the data delivery vehicle(s) 140 interfaces with physical assets 110, sensor suite that is on-board the data delivery vehicle(s) 140, and/or data obtained from the local area compute node 130 to obtain yield data for a given land tract or a farming area. In one embodiment, the data delivery vehicle(s) 140 comprises a yield normalization compute system that normalizes yield data received from, for example, the physical assets, on-board sensor suite, as well as data from the local area compute node 130. In other embodiments, the yield normalization system 105 may be at the local area compute node 130. In those instances, the data delivery vehicle(s) 140 may collect data from the on-board sensor suite and from physical assets 110 and travel to the local area compute node 130 to deliver the data for the yield normalization system 105 that may be at the local area compute node 130. In other embodiments, the yield normalization system 105 may be at the cloud storage and compute infrastructure 160. In those instances, the data delivery vehicle(s) 140 may collect data from the on-board sensor suite and from physical assets 110 and travel to the local area compute node 130 to deliver the data. The local area compute node 130 may transmit the data, along with edge compute data (if applicable) to the cloud storage and compute infrastructure 160 for yield normalization computation by the yield normalization system 105 that may be at the cloud storage and infrastructure node 160.

Physical assets 110, which may comprise, for example, harvester vehicles, may be deployed in a work environment, including a remote work environment, such as an agricultural field, a forestry harvesting operation, an open pit or partially underground mining operation, among other deployment contexts. Harvester vehicles 110 may initially be in direct satellite or other communications that identify and resolve the harvester's location and receive updates of its current location, enabling it to work autonomously as deployed. However, a common occurrence is that satellite communication signal paths between harvester vehicle and satellite may be interrupted or lost due to intervening events and features, such as due to occlusion from nearby crops, physical infrastructure such as walls, tall buildings, variation in topographical features, and even power loss or power degradation and similar malfunction events experienced at subcomponents of harvester vehicle 110. In the case of agriculture based deployments, physical assets 110 may include other sensor devices and/or other data sources such as cameras, multispectral sensors, sap flow sensors, temperature sensors, ambient humidity sensors, soil temperature sensors, soil moisture sensors, air velocity transducers, rain sensors, ground data based on flying drones that gather image data, and/or any other type of sensor device that may aid a farmer in determining how the farmer's crops are doing at any given time.

Physical assets 110 may transfer the collected data, computed data, monitored data and/or control data wirelessly to the data delivery vehicle(s) 140. A variety of different wireless communication systems and methodologies may be used to transfer data from the physical assets 110 to the data delivery vehicle 140, as would be apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the scope of the invention. Various communications systems and methodologies are described in greater detail further below.

The data delivery vehicle 140 may be drones (however, they are not limited to drones), that are in communication with the physical assets 110 and may be used to transport data to various other computing devices in the exemplary network environment including local area nodes, cloud compute nodes, back haul networks, etc. In the absence of reasonable cellular network coverage (or other network) at the crop site, the data delivery vehicle(s) 140 essentially provide the network connectivity of an edge compute node to adjacent cellular network cells at periodic intervals. Upon joining a particular cell, data can be offloaded from the data delivery vehicle 140 to the local area compute node 130 and/or the cloud compute node 160 for further processing. In one embodiment, the data delivery vehicle(s) 140 may perform local area object recognition and movement analysis, multi-spectrum imagery collection and light weight processing using on-board sensor suite, which is described in further detail in reference to the other figures.

Local area compute nodes 130 generally refer to well-provisioned computing devices that are capable of sophisticated analysis. In other words, the computing systems of the local area compute nodes 130 are generally able to perform compute operations that the computing devices of the physical assets 110 are unable to perform and/or may not have sufficient computing resources to perform. Exemplary local area compute nodes 130 may be described based on the disclosure herein, including but not limited to, multicore computing device such as ARM, Intel or similar, may comprise gigabytes of local RAM storage, and terabytes of local hard disk storage. Local area compute nodes 130 are capable of running applications such as an inference engine, additional or standalone vision and video monitoring, predictive analytics, predictive maintenance, software defined networking functionality and automation. In one embodiment, the local area compute node devices 130 may compress or prepare data for transport via a vehicle for back haul. Local area compute nodes 130 may refer to, for example and not by way of limitation, computing systems that are an embedded computer system, a system-on-chip (SOC), a single-board computer system (SBC) (such as, for example, a computer-on-module (COM) or system-on-module (SOM)), a desktop computer system, a laptop or notebook computer system, an interactive kiosk, a mainframe, a mesh of computer systems, a mobile telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a server, or a combination of two or more of these. Where appropriate, the local area compute nodes 130 may include one or more computer systems; be unitary or distributed; span multiple locations; span multiple machines; or reside in a cloud or edge compute node, which may include one or more cloud components and one or more edge compute components in one or more networks. Where appropriate, one or more local area compute nodes 130 may perform without substantial spatial or temporal limitation one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein. As an example, and not by way of limitation, one or more local area compute nodes 130 may perform in real time or in batch mode one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein. One or more local area compute nodes 130 may perform at different times or at different locations one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein, where appropriate. In one embodiment, local area compute nodes 130 may include network gateways, used to couple physical assets to other IoT devices and to cloud applications, for data storage, process control, and the like.

Cloud storage and cloud compute devices 160 may refer to Cloud storage and compute infrastructure of choice, such as Amazon AWS or Microsoft Azure. Offline, quasi real-time, and non-real time compute, analysis and business intelligence may reside and execute here.

Although not illustrated in FIG. 10, network connectivity between and/or among the devices may be provided as described in reference to the other figures.

In particular embodiments, each system or engine may be a unitary server or may be a distributed server spanning multiple computers or multiple datacenters. Systems, engines, or modules may be of various types, such as, for example and without limitation, a web server, news server, mail server, message server, advertising server, file server, application server, exchange server, database server, or proxy server. In particular embodiments, each system, engine or module may include hardware, software, or embedded logic components or a combination of two or more such components for carrying out the appropriate functionalities implemented or supported by their respective servers. For example, a web server is generally capable of hosting websites containing web pages or particular elements of web pages. More specifically, a web server may host HTML files or other file types or may dynamically create or constitute files upon a request and communicate them to clients devices or other devices in response to HTTP or other requests from clients devices or other devices. A mail server is generally capable of providing electronic mail services to various clients devices or other devices. A database server is generally capable of providing an interface for managing data stored in one or more data stores. The term “server” as used herein broadly encompasses other comparable but varying server computing device types, including raw data servers.

In particular embodiments, one or more data storages may be communicatively linked to one or more servers via one or more links. In particular embodiments, data storages may be used to store various types of information. In particular embodiments, the information stored in data storages may be organized according to specific data structures. In particular embodiment, each data storage may be a relational database. Particular embodiments may provide interfaces that enable servers or clients to manage, e.g., retrieve, modify, add, or delete, the information stored in data storage.

Generally, techniques disclosed herein may be implemented on software, hardware or any combination of software and hardware. For example, they may be implemented in an operating system kernel, in a separate user process, in a library package bound into network applications, on a specially constructed machine, on an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or on a network interface card, FPGA or GPU.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example data delivery vehicle 140 in greater detail in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure herein. The data delivery vehicle 140 may include a data acquisition system 202, and yield normalization system 105.

The data acquisition system 202 of data delivery vehicle 140 may further comprise a positioning module 201 and a sensor suite 203. In one embodiment, the positioning module 201 obtains location information associated with the data delivery vehicle 140. In other embodiments, the positioning module 201 may obtain the location information associated with physical assets 110 and/or relative location information associated with the physical assets 110. The positioning module 201 may communicate with global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) such as, but not limited to, GPS, GLONASS, BDS, GALILEO, QZSS, IRNSS, etc. In this manner, the positioning system 201 may obtain its relative and/or absolute location data based on techniques known in the art.

In one embodiment, the positioning module 201 may compute or derive relative and/or absolute location of physical assets 110. In some of those embodiments, the positioning module 201 may use the data obtained from global navigation satellite systems and from the sensor suite 203 to derive relative and/or absolute location of the physical assets 110 using a variety of different techniques. For example, the positioning module 201 may derive the data delivery vehicle's 140 location by communicating with global navigation satellite systems, and may compute or derive the relative and/or absolute location of physical assets 110 by for example computing a distance between the data delivery vehicle 140 and physical assets 110 via sensors/sensor suite 203 that are on-board the data delivery vehicle 140. In other words, the data delivery vehicle 140 may traverse three-dimensional space to a location where it can locate the physical asset 110 via the sensor, compute its location or distance relative to the data delivery vehicle 140 and compute the physical asset's 110 absolute location. In one embodiment, the data delivery vehicle 140 may resolve its location via the positioning module 201, and via a camera, compute the distance between the data delivery vehicle 140 and the physical asset 110, and then compute the absolute location of the physical asset 110. The position module 201 may be embodied in one or more processor and non-transitory memory storage devices storing instructions executable to instantiate functionality of positioning module 201; it can include processor-executable instructions for processing the processes described herein. In one embodiment, the positioning module 201 may follow a physical asset 110 (such as a vehicle or a combine, harvester, etc.) as the vehicles progress or advance in a sequence of positions during the harvesting operation within a targeted harvesting area or region. In embodiments, harvester vehicles 110 can be assigned specific operational sub-areas or portions within an identified harvesting area, such that the overall harvesting is cooperatively accomplished in unison, in accordance with the portions as respectively assigned, the harvesting operations being performed at least partially concurrently. In embodiments, the data delivery vehicle 140 may initially be paired or docked with, or within, the harvester vehicle 110, with the harvester vehicle 110 then launched upon commencement of harvesting operations. In other embodiments, data delivery vehicle 140 may be launched upon certain conditions being encountered during harvesting. For example, adverse conditions that directly affect communications between harvester vehicle 110 and satellite or other communications system, such as due to intervening and signal-occluding topographical, agricultural and other infrastructure features, whereupon detecting resultant degradation or loss of communication signal quality, the data delivery vehicle 140 may be launched aerially in separation from harvester vehicle. Such loss or degradation of communication signals can also be precipitated, in addition to occlusion events, by loss or degradation of operating power in the communication infrastructure incorporated within harvester vehicle or some subcomponents or subassemblies. In additional embodiments, after launch, the data delivery vehicle 140 can autonomously navigate in 3-dimensional space to a location that re-establishes communication with cloud server 160, for instance based on satellite communication. In one embodiment, the sensor suite 203 is used for locating the harvester vehicle 110 in progressive advancement during a harvesting operation and establishing or maintaining uni- or bi-directional wireless communications therewith. In one embodiment, the data delivery vehicle 140 may locate, and establish a position of the harvester vehicle 110 via a local coordinate scheme or system particular to that specific vehicles' pairing. Similarly, once the position of the harvester vehicle 110 is determined by the data delivery vehicle 140, that positioning information may be communicated to the harvester vehicle 110 in a wireless or radio-based communication protocol that is particular to a given vehicle pairing. In this manner, the harvester vehicle 110 may continue its operational deployment in an autonomous manner, while its position may be kept updated and corrected at regular intervals, whether predetermined intervals or otherwise adaptively adjusted during operational deployment of the harvester vehicle 110. In some cases, the position vector defining the distance and direction of the data delivery vehicle 140, as acquired and measured using its embedded sensor devices, to the harvester vehicle(s) 110 may be expressed according to a global or a more particular local coordinate system. It is contemplated that mathematical-based techniques of determining relative geo-positioning between data delivery vehicle 140 and harvester vehicle(s) 110 may be implemented, using any combination of hardware and/or software algorithm, as will be apparent to those of skill in the art.

The sensor suite 203 may comprise one or more sensors, including, but not limited to, light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensor devices 252, radio detection and ranging (RADAR) sensor devices 254, infrared optical sensor devices 256, one or more camera devices 258, and a computation engine 260 for processing the data obtained or output by the one or more sensors within the sensor suite 203.

The one or more camera devices 258 may comprise one or more cameras. In one embodiment, the camera devices 258 may comprise high-resolution cameras that capture images and/or videos around the data delivery vehicle 140. In contexts where the camera device 258 is deployed in agricultural contexts, the camera devices 258 capture image and/or video (comprising audio and/or visual data) of crops that are around the data delivery vehicle 140. In some instances, the camera devices 258 may capture digital data of crops as the data delivery vehicle 140 traverses three-dimensional spaces.

The LIDAR sensor device 252 may comprise one or more LIDAR sensors. The LIDAR sensor device 252 may capture a variety of different details around the data delivery vehicles 140. Generally, the LIDAR sensor device 252 may use laser technology to measure distance data between the data delivery vehicle 140 and one or more objects around the data delivery vehicle 140. In one embodiment, the LIDAR sensor device 252 may obtain distance data between the LIDAR sensor device 252 and/or the data delivery vehicle 140 and a crop and/or a stalk of crop, etc. The computation engine 260 may compute the height of a crop and/or the height of a stalk of a crop based on elevation data that may be obtained from an on-board sensor, and the distance between the LIDAR sensor device 252 and crops and/or stalks of crop. The LIDAR sensors may be used to measure other details in other contexts, such as construction, etc.

The RADAR sensor device 254 may comprise one or more RADAR sensors. The RADAR sensor device 254 may capture a variety of different details around the data delivery vehicles 140. Generally, the RADAR sensor device 254 may use radio technology to measure distance data between the data delivery vehicle 140 and one or more objects around the data delivery vehicle 140. In one embodiment, the RADAR sensor device 254 may obtain data related to distances between crops, stalks of crop, etc. The computation engine 260 may compute the density of stalks of the crop within a portion of the land tract based on the obtained data related to distances between stalks of crop. The RADAR sensors may be used to measure other details in other contexts, such as construction, etc.

The one or more optical sensors 256 may comprise any sensor used to convert light into data. The one or more optical sensors 256 may detect light within a certain range of wavelengths, such as infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, etc. The one or more optical sensors 256 may detect light. The one or more optical sensors 256 may detect changes in light. The one or more optical sensors 256 may detect light and/or changes in light related to crops. For example, the one or more optical sensors 256 may determine a heat signature and/or a change in heat signature for a particular crop or group of crops.

In one embodiment, the computation engine 260 may process the data captured by the LIDAR sensor device 252, RADAR sensor device 254, one or more optical sensors 256, and/or one or more camera devices 258 and may compute, for example, the number of corn stalks within a land tract and/or within a given patch or rows crops. In some embodiments, the computation engine 260 may compute a number of ears on a stalk (for example, but not limited to, a stalk of corn, soybeans, etc.). In some embodiments, the computation engine 260 may compute physical characteristics of the crop. For example, the computation engine 260 may compute the height of individual stalks within a given row or patch of crop and/or the size or average size of seeds or grain on the stalks. The computation engine 260 may be trained on, for example, crop data (training data). The computation engine 260 may make decisions about crops, such as number, size, viability, etc. based on a comparison of data from sensors with training data. The computation methodologies may be known by persons of ordinary skill in the art, and incorporated into this disclosure, without departing from the scope of the invention.

The one or more optical sensors 256, one or more camera devices 258, LIDAR sensor device 252, and/or RADAR sensor device 254 may record data indicative of physical details of the crop under harvest by the harvesting vehicles 110. In the case where the crop is a cornfield, a high resolution camera of the one or more camera devices 258 of data delivery vehicle 140 may record data indicative of the number of corn stalks in a given patch or rows of crop, and a number of ears of corn on the corn stalk as harvesting progresses. An infrared sensor of the one or more optical sensors 256 may record data indicative of a heat signature related to viability and amount of corn. The LIDAR sensor device 252 may record data indicative of physical characteristics of the crop, such as the height of individual stalks within a given row or patch of crop. The RADAR sensor device 254 may record data indicative of additional physical crop characteristics data including a relative position of a given stalk and the density of stalks within a given row or patch of crop. The computation engine 260 may receive data from one or more of the one or more optical sensors 256, one or more camera devices 258, LIDAR sensor device 252, and/or RADAR sensor device 254 and make deductions and/or estimations about the corn harvest.

The yield normalization system 105 may normalize data sent by the data delivery vehicles 140 into a normalized data set such that data from the data delivery vehicles 140 may be compared. The yield normalization system 105 may comprise a data delivery vehicle interface 140, a physical asset interface 207, an edge compute interface 209, and a normalization engine 210. Although the yield normalization system 105 is shown in one of the data delivery vehicles 140, in other embodiments the yield normalization system 105 may by somewhere else, such as the local area compute node(s) 130, the cloud compute node 160, etc. In such other embodiments, the yield normalization system 105 may comprise the normalization engine 210, along with other appropriate interfaces.

The data delivery vehicle interface 205 may receive messages via a messaging protocol and prepare the messages in a manner suitable for consumption by the data delivery vehicle 140. The data delivery vehicle interface 205 may receive information in a format usable by the data delivery vehicle 140 and prepare the messages in a suitable messaging protocol. The data delivery vehicle interface 205 may send and/or receive messages across a network, such as the network 150. The data delivery vehicle interface 205 may send and/or receive messages directly to another computing device, such as another data delivery vehicle 140, a physical asset 110, the cloud server 160, etc. The data delivery vehicle interface 205 may send and/or receive messages arranged according to any standard, such as, Internet Protocol (IP), Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.

The physical asset interface 207 may facilitate the transfer of information between a data delivery vehicle 140 and a physical asset 110. The physical asset interface 207 may convert outgoing messages from a format accessible by the data delivery vehicle 140 into a format accessible by the physical asset 110. The physical asset interface 207 may convert incoming messages from a format accessible by the physical asset 110 into a format accessible by the data delivery vehicle 140. The physical asset interface 207 may send and/or receive messages arranged according to any standard, such as, Internet Protocol (IP), Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.

The edge compute interface 209 may facilitate the transfer of information between a data delivery vehicle 140 and the local area compute node(s) 130. The edge compute interface 209 may convert outgoing messages from a format accessible by the data delivery vehicle 140 into a format accessible by the local area compute node(s) 130. The edge compute interface 209 may convert incoming messages from a format accessible by the local area compute node(s) 130 into a format accessible by the data delivery vehicle 140. The edge compute interface 209 may send and/or receive messages arranged according to any standard, such as, Internet Protocol (IP), Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.

The normalization engine 210 may normalize data received from sensors in the sensor suite 203, data received from the data delivery vehicle interface 205, data received from the physical asset interface 207, and/or data received from the edge compute interface 209. The normalization engine 210 may normalize data received from different types of sources. The normalization engine 210 may normalize data received from different sources. The normalization engine 210 may normalize data received from different locations. The normalization engine 210 may normalize data received at different times. The normalization engine 210 may reduce or eliminate differences in data based on different calibration settings on sensors and/or monitors. The normalization engine 210 may reduce or eliminate “zebra-striped” data. The normalization engine 210 may reduce or eliminate noise in data.

FIG. 12 illustrates, in an example embodiment, method 300 of normalizing harvest yield data from an operation for harvesting crops. In embodiments, the method steps or techniques depicted and described herein can be performed in a processor of the data delivery vehicle 140, the method steps being encoded as processor-executable instructions in a non-transitory memory of the data delivery vehicle 140. The data delivery vehicle 140 may comprise an aerial data delivery vehicle 140. In some embodiments, the techniques disclosed in reference to FIG. 12 can be implemented at least partially in hardware or any combination of software and hardware to manifest functionalities described, and also in conjunction with, or combined with portions of techniques or sub-steps as described in FIG. 13. The techniques of FIG. 12 may be implemented in an operating system kernel, in a separate user process, in a library package bound into network applications, on a specially constructed machine, on an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA).

At step 301, combine harvest data may be received from a harvesting vehicle. The combine harvest data may be obtained from a yield monitor sensor that is on-board the harvesting vehicle. The combine harvest data may comprise data collected from a first portion of a land tract. In embodiments, the yield monitor sensor that is on-board a harvesting vehicle may measure at least one of a weight and mass associated with crops that are harvested by the harvesting vehicle. In embodiments, the yield monitor sensor that is on-board a harvesting vehicle may comprise at least one of an impact pate that measures a weight of crops that are harvested by the harvesting vehicle, and an optical sensor that measures a volume of crops that are harvested by the harvesting vehicle. In embodiments, the yield monitor sensor that is on-board a harvesting vehicle may comprise a location monitor that resolves a location of the harvesting vehicle. The location data may be associated with the combine harvest data to determine combine harvest data for a portion of the land tract.

At step 302, high-resolution harvest data may be computed from a sensor suite that is on-board the aerial vehicle. The high-resolution harvest data may comprise data collected from at least the first portion of the land tract. In embodiments, the sensor suite that is on-board the aerial vehicle may comprise at least one of a high-resolution camera, a light detection and ranging (“LIDAR”) sensor, a radio detection and ranging (“RADAR”) sensor device, and an infrared optical sensor. In embodiments, the high-resolution camera may measure at least one of a number of ears on a stalk of the crop and the size of the ears on a stalk of the crop. In embodiments, LIDAR may measure a height of a stalk of the crop. In embodiments, the RADAR may measure at least one of a position of stalk of the crop relative to each other, and the density of stalks of the crop within a portion of the land tract. In embodiments, the sensor suite that is on-board the aerial vehicle may comprise a means for computing a location associated with each measurement obtained by the sensor suite.

At step 303, edge compute data may be obtained. The edge compute data may comprise additional information related to at least one of the land tract, the crop, historic weather information associated with an agricultural cycle, and farm practices data. In embodiments, the land tract data associated with the obtained edge computing data may comprise historical yield data associated with at least a portion of the land tract. In embodiments, the crop data associated with the obtained edge computing data may comprise historic data associated with a seed varietal that is planted in at least a portion of the land tract. The historical data may comprise at least one of expected height of a stalk of the crop, expected number of ears on a stalk of the crop, and the expected size of ears on a stalk of the crop. In embodiments, the historic weather information associated with the obtained edge computing data may comprise at least one of average rainfall data associated with the agricultural cycle. In embodiments, farm practices data associated with the obtained edge computing data may comprise at least one of fertility program data, tillage program data, and crop protection program data.

At step 304, the received combine harvest data, the computed high-resolution harvest data, and the obtained edge compute data may be segmented. In embodiments, segmenting the data may comprise identifying a location associated with each received combine harvest data, and the computed high-resolution harvest data. In embodiments, segmenting the data may comprise identifying combine harvest data and high-resolution harvest data that is associated with a portion of the land tract.

At step 305, a normalization model may be applied to the segmented data for normalizing harvest yield data. The normalization model may be applied to the received combine harvest data, the computed high-resolution harvest data, and the obtained edge compute data.

At step 306, a normalized harvest yield may be computed for at least a portion of the land tract based on the applied data normalization model. In embodiments, the computed normalized harvest yield data may be sent to a computing device for generating recommendations for obtaining optimal yield.

In embodiments, near real-time data associated with at least one of the land tract, the crop, and weather information may be obtained. A data normalization model for normalizing harvest yield data based on the received combine harvest data, the computed high-resolution harvest data, the obtained edge compute data, and the obtained near real-time data may be applied.

In embodiments, the harvesting vehicle may be a first harvesting vehicle. The normalization model may be applied to the segmented data for normalizing harvest yield data. The normalization model may be applied to received combine harvest data of the first and a second harvesting vehicles, the computed high-resolution harvest data, and the obtained edge compute data.

FIG. 13 illustrates, in an example embodiment, method 400 of normalizing harvest yield data from an operation for harvesting crops. In embodiments, the method steps or techniques depicted and described herein can be performed in a processor of the data delivery vehicle 140, the method steps being encoded as processor-executable instructions in a non-transitory memory of the data delivery vehicle 140. In embodiments, the method steps or techniques depicted and described herein can be performed in a processor the local area compute node(s) 130, the method steps being encoded as processor-executable instructions in a non-transitory memory of the local area compute node(s) 130. In embodiments, the method steps or techniques depicted and described herein can be performed in a processor of the cloud compute node 160, the method steps being encoded as processor-executable instructions in a non-transitory memory of the cloud compute node 160. In embodiments, the method steps or techniques depicted and described herein can be performed in a processor of a remote computer accessible by the network 150, the method steps being encoded as processor-executable instructions in a non-transitory memory of the remote computer accessible by the network 150. In some embodiments, the techniques disclosed in reference to FIG. 13 can be implemented at least partially in hardware or any combination of software and hardware to manifest functionalities described, and also in conjunction with, or combined with portions of techniques or sub-steps as described in FIG. 12. The techniques of FIG. 13 may be implemented in an operating system kernel, in a separate user process, in a library package bound into network applications, on a specially constructed machine, on an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA).

At step 401, combine harvest data may be received from a harvesting vehicle. The combine harvest data may be obtained from a yield monitor sensor that is on-board the harvesting vehicle. The combine harvest data may comprise data collected from a first portion of a land tract. In embodiments, the yield monitor sensor that is on-board a harvesting vehicle may measure at least one of a weight and mass associated with crops that are harvested by the harvesting vehicle. In embodiments, the yield monitor sensor that is on-board a harvesting vehicle may comprise at least one of an impact pate that measures a weight of crops that are harvested by the harvesting vehicle, and an optical sensor that measures a volume of crops that are harvested by the harvesting vehicle. In embodiments, the yield monitor sensor that is on-board a harvesting vehicle may comprise a location monitor that resolves a location of the harvesting vehicle. The location data may be associated with the combine harvest data to determine combine harvest data for a portion of the land tract.

At step 402, high-resolution harvest data may be received from an aerial data delivery vehicle. The high-resolution harvest data may be obtained from a sensor suite that is on-board the aerial vehicle. The high-resolution harvest data may comprise data collected from at least the first portion of the land tract. In embodiments, the sensor suite that is on-board the aerial vehicle may comprise at least one of a high-resolution camera, a light detection and ranging (“LIDAR”) sensor, a radio detection and ranging (“RADAR”) sensor device, and an infrared optical sensor. In embodiments, the high-resolution camera may measure at least one of a number of ears on a stalk of the crop and the size of the ears on a stalk of the crop. In embodiments, LIDAR may measure a height of a stalk of the crop. In embodiments, the RADAR may measure at least one of a position of stalk of the crop relative to each other, and the density of stalks of the crop within a portion of the land tract. In embodiments, the sensor suite that is on-board the aerial vehicle may comprise a means for computing a location associated with each measurement obtained by the sensor suite.

At step 403, edge compute data may be obtained. The edge compute data may comprise additional information related to at least one of the land tract, the crop, historic weather information associated with an agricultural cycle, and farm practices data. In embodiments, the land tract data associated with the obtained edge computing data may comprise historical yield data associated with at least a portion of the land tract. In embodiments, the crop data associated with the obtained edge computing data may comprise historic data associated with a seed varietal that is planted in at least a portion of the land tract. The historical data may comprise at least one of expected height of a stalk of the crop, expected number of ears on a stalk of the crop, and the expected size of ears on a stalk of the crop. In embodiments, the historic weather information associated with the obtained edge computing data may comprise at least one of average rainfall data associated with the agricultural cycle. In embodiments, farm practices data associated with the obtained edge computing data may comprise at least one of fertility program data, tillage program data, and crop protection program data.

At step 404, the received combine harvest data, the received high-resolution harvest data, and the obtained edge compute data may be segmented. In embodiments, segmenting the data may comprise identifying a location associated with each received combine harvest data, and the received high-resolution harvest data. In embodiments, segmenting the data may comprise identifying combine harvest data and high-resolution harvest data that is associated with a portion of the land tract.

At step 405, a normalization model may be applied to the segmented data for normalizing harvest yield data. The normalization model may be applied to the received combine harvest data, the received high-resolution harvest data, and the obtained edge compute data.

At step 406, a normalized harvest yield may be computed for at least a portion of the land tract based on the applied data normalization model. In embodiments, the computed normalized harvest yield data may be sent to a computing device for generating recommendations for obtaining optimal yield.

In embodiments, near real-time data associated with at least one of the land tract, the crop, and weather information may be obtained. A data normalization model for normalizing harvest yield data based on the received combine harvest data, the received high-resolution harvest data, the obtained edge compute data, and the obtained near real-time data may be applied.

In embodiments, the harvesting vehicle may be a first harvesting vehicle. The normalization model may be applied to the segmented data for normalizing harvest yield data. The normalization model may be applied to received combine harvest data of the first and a second harvesting vehicles, the received high-resolution harvest data, and the obtained edge compute data.

Hardware Architecture

Generally, the techniques disclosed herein may be implemented on hardware or a combination of software and hardware. For example, they may be implemented in an operating system kernel, in a separate user process, in a library package bound into network applications, on a specially constructed machine, on an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or on a network interface card, FPGA or GPU.

Software/hardware hybrid implementations of at least some of the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented on a programmable network-resident machine (which should be understood to include intermittently connected network-aware machines) selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in memory. Such network devices may have multiple network interfaces that may be configured or designed to utilize different types of network communication protocols. A general architecture for some of these machines may be described herein in order to illustrate one or more exemplary means by which a given unit of functionality may be implemented. According to specific embodiments, at least some of the features or functionalities of the various embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented on one or more general-purpose computers associated with one or more networks, such as for example an end-user computer system, a client computer, a network server or other server system, a mobile computing device (e.g., tablet computing device, mobile phone, smartphone, laptop, or other appropriate computing device), a consumer electronic device, a music player, or any other suitable electronic device, router, switch, or other suitable device, or any combination thereof. In at least some embodiments, at least some of the features or functionalities of the various embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in one or more virtualized computing environments (e.g., network computing clouds, virtual machines hosted on one or more physical computing machines, or other appropriate virtual environments).

Referring now to FIG. 6, there is shown a block diagram depicting an exemplary computing device 10 suitable for implementing at least a portion of the features or functionalities disclosed herein. Computing device 10 may be, for example, any one of the computing machines listed in the previous paragraph, or indeed any other electronic device capable of executing software- or hardware-based instructions according to one or more programs stored in memory. Computing device 10 may be configured to communicate with a plurality of other computing devices, such as clients or servers, over communications networks such as a wide area network a metropolitan area network, a local area network, a wireless network, the Internet, or any other network, using known protocols for such communication, whether wireless or wired.

In one aspect, computing device 10 includes one or more central processing units (CPU) 12, one or more interfaces 15, and one or more busses 14 (such as a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus). When acting under the control of appropriate software or firmware, CPU 12 may be responsible for implementing specific functions associated with the functions of a specifically configured computing device or machine. For example, in at least one aspect, a computing device 10 may be configured or designed to function as a server system utilizing CPU 12, local memory 11 and/or remote memory 16, and interface(s) 15. In at least one aspect, CPU 12 may be caused to perform one or more of the different types of functions and/or operations under the control of software modules or components, which for example, may include an operating system and any appropriate applications software, drivers, and the like.

CPU 12 may include one or more processors 13 such as, for example, a processor from one of the Intel, ARM, Qualcomm, and AMD families of microprocessors. In some embodiments, processors 13 may include specially designed hardware such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and so forth, for controlling operations of computing device 10. In a particular aspect, a local memory 11 (such as non-volatile random-access memory (RAM) and/or read-only memory (ROM), including for example one or more levels of cached memory) may also form part of CPU 12. However, there are many different ways in which memory may be coupled to system 10. Memory 11 may be used for a variety of purposes such as, for example, caching and/or storing data, programming instructions, and the like. It should be further appreciated that CPU 12 may be one of a variety of system-on-a-chip (SOC) type hardware that may include additional hardware such as memory or graphics processing chips, such as a QUALCOMM SNAPDRAGON™ or SAMSUNG EXYNOS™ CPU as are becoming increasingly common in the art, such as for use in mobile devices or integrated devices.

As used herein, the term “processor” is not limited merely to those integrated circuits referred to in the art as a processor, a mobile processor, or a microprocessor, but broadly refers to a microcontroller, a microcomputer, a programmable logic controller, an application-specific integrated circuit, and any other programmable circuit.

In one aspect, interfaces 15 are provided as network interface cards (NICs). Generally, NICs control the sending and receiving of data packets over a computer network; other types of interfaces 15 may for example support other peripherals used with computing device 10. Among the interfaces that may be provided are Ethernet interfaces, frame relay interfaces, cable interfaces, DSL interfaces, token ring interfaces, graphics interfaces, and the like. In addition, various types of interfaces may be provided such as, for example, universal serial bus (USB), Serial, Ethernet, FIREWIRE™, THUNDERBOLT™, PCI, PCI Express, parallel, radio frequency (RF), BLUETOOTH™, near-field communications (e.g., using near-field magnetics), 802.11 (WiFi), frame relay, TCP/IP, ISDN, fast Ethernet interfaces, Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, Serial ATA (SATA) or external SATA (ESATA) interfaces, high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI), digital visual interface (DVI), analog or digital audio interfaces, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) interfaces, high-speed serial interface (HSSI) interfaces, Point of Sale (POS) interfaces, fiber data distributed interfaces (FDDIs), and the like. Generally, such interfaces 15 may include physical ports appropriate for communication with appropriate media. In some cases, they may also include an independent processor (such as a dedicated audio or video processor, as is common in the art for high-fidelity A/V hardware interfaces) and, in some instances, volatile and/or non-volatile memory (e.g., RAM).

Although the system shown in FIG. 6 illustrates one specific architecture for a computing device 10 for implementing one or more of the embodiments described herein, it is by no means the only device architecture on which at least a portion of the features and techniques described herein may be implemented. For example, architectures having one or any number of processors 13 may be used, and such processors 13 may be present in a single device or distributed among any number of devices. In one aspect, single processor 13 handles communications as well as routing computations, while in other embodiments a separate dedicated communications processor may be provided. In various embodiments, different types of features or functionalities may be implemented in a system according to the aspect that includes a client device (such as a tablet device or smartphone running client software) and server systems (such as a server system described in more detail below).

Regardless of network device configuration, the system of an aspect may employ one or more memories or memory modules (such as, for example, remote memory block 16 and local memory 11) configured to store data, program instructions for the general-purpose network operations, or other information relating to the functionality of the embodiments described herein (or any combinations of the above). Program instructions may control execution of or comprise an operating system and/or one or more applications, for example. Memory 16 or memories 11, 16 may also be configured to store data structures, configuration data, encryption data, historical system operations information, or any other specific or generic non-program information described herein.

Because such information and program instructions may be employed to implement one or more systems or methods described herein, at least some network device embodiments may include nontransitory machine-readable storage media, which, for example, may be configured or designed to store program instructions, state information, and the like for performing various operations described herein. Examples of such nontransitory machine-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape; optical media such as CD-ROM disks; magneto-optical media such as optical disks, and hardware devices that are specially configured to store and perform program instructions, such as read-only memory devices (ROM), flash memory (as is common in mobile devices and integrated systems), solid state drives (SSD) and “hybrid SSD” storage drives that may combine physical components of solid state and hard disk drives in a single hardware device (as are becoming increasingly common in the art with regard to personal computers), memristor memory, random access memory (RAM), and the like. It should be appreciated that such storage means may be integral and non-removable (such as RAM hardware modules that may be soldered onto a motherboard or otherwise integrated into an electronic device), or they may be removable such as swappable flash memory modules (such as “thumb drives” or other removable media designed for rapidly exchanging physical storage devices), “hot-swappable” hard disk drives or solid state drives, removable optical storage discs, or other such removable media, and that such integral and removable storage media may be utilized interchangeably. Examples of program instructions include both object code, such as may be produced by a compiler, machine code, such as may be produced by an assembler or a linker, byte code, such as may be generated by for example a JAVA™ compiler and may be executed using a Java virtual machine or equivalent, or files containing higher level code that may be executed by the computer using an interpreter (for example, scripts written in Python, Perl, Ruby, Groovy, or any other scripting language).

In some embodiments, systems may be implemented on a standalone computing system. Referring now to FIG. 7, there is shown a block diagram depicting a typical exemplary architecture of one or more embodiments or components thereof on a standalone computing system. Computing device 20 includes processors 21 that may run software that carry out one or more functions or applications of embodiments, such as for example a client application 24. Processors 21 may carry out computing instructions under control of an operating system 22 such as, for example, a version of MICROSOFT WINDOWS™ operating system, APPLE macOS™ or iOS™ operating systems, some variety of the Linux operating system, ANDROID™ operating system, or the like. In many cases, one or more shared services 23 may be operable in system 20, and may be useful for providing common services to client applications 24. Services 23 may for example be WINDOWS™ services, user-space common services in a Linux environment, or any other type of common service architecture used with operating system 21. Input devices 28 may be of any type suitable for receiving user input, including for example a keyboard, touchscreen, microphone (for example, for voice input), mouse, touchpad, trackball, or any combination thereof. Output devices 27 may be of any type suitable for providing output to one or more users, whether remote or local to system 20, and may include for example one or more screens for visual output, speakers, printers, or any combination thereof. Memory 25 may be random-access memory having any structure and architecture known in the art, for use by processors 21, for example to run software. Storage devices 26 may be any magnetic, optical, mechanical, memristor, or electrical storage device for storage of data in digital form (such as those described above, referring to FIG. 5). Examples of storage devices 26 include flash memory, magnetic hard drive, CD-ROM, and/or the like.

In some embodiments, systems may be implemented on a distributed computing network, such as one having any number of clients and/or servers. Referring now to FIG. 8, there is shown a block diagram depicting an exemplary architecture 30 for implementing at least a portion of a system according to one aspect on a distributed computing network. According to the aspect, any number of clients 33 may be provided. Each client 33 may run software for implementing client-side portions of a system; clients may comprise a system 20 such as that illustrated in FIG. 6. In addition, any number of servers 32 may be provided for handling requests received from one or more clients 33. Clients 33 and servers 32 may communicate with one another via one or more electronic networks 31, which may be in various embodiments any of the Internet, a wide area network, a mobile telephony network (such as CDMA or GSM cellular networks), a wireless network (such as WiFi, WiMAX, LTE, and so forth), or a local area network (or indeed any network topology known in the art; the aspect does not prefer any one network topology over any other). Networks 31 may be implemented using any known network protocols, including for example wired and/or wireless protocols.

In addition, in some embodiments, servers 32 may call external services 37 when needed to obtain additional information, or to refer to additional data concerning a particular call. Communications with external services 37 may take place, for example, via one or more networks 31. In various embodiments, external services 37 may comprise web-enabled services or functionality related to or installed on the hardware device itself. For example, in one aspect where client applications 24 are implemented on a smartphone or other electronic device, client applications 24 may obtain information stored in a server system 32 in the cloud or on an external service 37 deployed on one or more of a particular enterprise's or user's premises.

In some embodiments, clients 33 or servers 32 (or both) may make use of one or more specialized services or appliances that may be deployed locally or remotely across one or more networks 31. For example, one or more databases 34 may be used or referred to by one or more embodiments. It should be understood by one having ordinary skill in the art that databases 34 may be arranged in a wide variety of architectures and using a wide variety of data access and manipulation means. For example, in various embodiments one or more databases 34 may comprise a relational database system using a structured query language (SQL), while others may comprise an alternative data storage technology such as those referred to in the art as “NoSQL” (for example, HADOOP CASSANDRA™, GOOGLE BIGTABLE™, and so forth). In some embodiments, variant database architectures such as column-oriented databases, in-memory databases, clustered databases, distributed databases, or even flat file data repositories may be used according to the aspect. It will be appreciated by one having ordinary skill in the art that any combination of known or future database technologies may be used as appropriate, unless a specific database technology or a specific arrangement of components is specified for a particular aspect described herein. Moreover, it should be appreciated that the term “database” as used herein may refer to a physical database machine, a cluster of machines acting as a single database system, or a logical database within an overall database management system. Unless a specific meaning is specified for a given use of the term “database”, it should be construed to mean any of these senses of the word, all of which are understood as a plain meaning of the term “database” by those having ordinary skill in the art.

Similarly, some embodiments may make use of one or more security systems 36 and configuration systems 35. Security and configuration management are common information technology (IT) and web functions, and some amount of each are generally associated with any IT or web systems. It should be understood by one having ordinary skill in the art that any configuration or security subsystems known in the art now or in the future may be used in conjunction with embodiments without limitation, unless a specific security 36 or configuration system 35 or approach is specifically required by the description of any specific aspect.

FIG. 9 shows an exemplary overview of a computer system 40 as may be used in any of the various locations throughout the system. It is exemplary of any computer that may execute code to process data. Various modifications and changes may be made to computer system 40 without departing from the broader scope of the system and method disclosed herein. Central processor unit (CPU) 41 is connected to bus 42, to which bus is also connected memory 43, nonvolatile memory 44, display 47, input/output (I/O) unit 48, and network interface card (NIC) 53. I/O unit 48 may, typically, be connected to keyboard 49, pointing device 50, hard disk 52, and real-time clock 51. NIC 53 connects to network 54, which may be the Internet or a local network, which local network may or may not have connections to the Internet. Also shown as part of system 40 is power supply unit 45 connected, in this example, to a main alternating current (AC) supply 46. Not shown are batteries that could be present, and many other devices and modifications that are well known but are not applicable to the specific novel functions of the current system and method disclosed herein. It should be appreciated that some or all components illustrated may be combined, such as in various integrated applications, for example Qualcomm or Samsung system-on-a-chip (SOC) devices, or whenever it may be appropriate to combine multiple capabilities or functions into a single hardware device (for instance, in mobile devices such as smartphones, video game consoles, in-vehicle computer systems such as navigation or multimedia systems in automobiles, or other integrated hardware devices).

In various embodiments, functionality for implementing systems or methods of various embodiments may be distributed among any number of client and/or server components. For example, various software modules may be implemented for performing various functions in connection with the system of any particular aspect, and such modules may be variously implemented to run on server and/or client components.

The skilled person will be aware of a range of possible modifications of the various embodiments described above. Accordingly, the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Additional Considerations

As used herein any reference to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular element, feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.

Some embodiments may be described using the expression “coupled” and “connected” along with their derivatives. For example, some embodiments may be described using the term “coupled” to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact. The term “coupled,” however, may also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but yet still co-operate or interact with each other. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).

In addition, use of the “a” or “an” are employed to describe elements and components of the embodiments herein. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the invention. This description should be read to include one or at least one and the singular also includes the plural unless it is obvious that it is meant otherwise.

Upon reading this disclosure, those of skill in the art will appreciate still additional alternative structural and functional designs for a system and a process for creating an interactive message through the disclosed principles herein. Thus, while particular embodiments and applications have been illustrated and described, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are not limited to the precise construction and components disclosed herein. Various apparent modifications, changes and variations may be made in the arrangement, operation and details of the method and apparatus disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope defined in the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An aerial data delivery vehicle for normalizing harvest yield data from an operation for harvesting crops, the aerial vehicle comprising: a processor; a memory storing instructions executable in the processor and causing operations comprising: receiving combine harvest data from a harvesting vehicle, the combine harvest data obtained from a yield monitor sensor that is on-board the harvesting vehicle, the combine harvest data comprising data collected from a first portion of a land tract; compute high-resolution harvest data from a sensor suite that is on-board the aerial vehicle, the high-resolution harvest data comprising data collected from at least the first portion of the land tract; obtaining edge compute data, the edge compute data comprising additional information related to at least one of the land tract, the crop, historic weather information associated with an agricultural cycle, and farm practices data; segmenting the received combine harvest data, the computed high-resolution harvest data, and the obtained edge compute data; applying a normalization model to the segmented data for normalizing harvest yield data, the normalization model applied to the received combine harvest data, the computed high-resolution harvest data, and the obtained edge compute data; and computing a normalized harvest yield for at least a portion of the land tract based on the applied data normalization model.
 2. A computer-implemented method for normalizing harvest yield data from an operation for harvesting crops, the computer-implemented method comprising: receiving combine harvest data from a harvesting vehicle, the combine harvest data obtained from a yield monitor sensor that is on-board the harvesting vehicle, the combine harvest data comprising data collected from a first portion of a land tract; receiving high-resolution harvest data from an aerial data delivery vehicle, the high-resolution harvest data obtained from a sensor suite that is on-board the aerial vehicle, the high-resolution harvest data comprising data collected from at least the first portion of the land tract; obtaining edge compute data, the edge compute data comprising additional information related to at least one of the land tract, the crop, historic weather information associated with an agricultural cycle, and farm practices data; segmenting the received combine harvest data, the received high-resolution harvest data, and the obtained edge compute data; applying a normalization model to the segmented data for normalizing harvest yield data, the normalization model applied to the received combine harvest data, the received high-resolution harvest data, and the obtained edge compute data; and computing a normalized harvest yield for at least a portion of the land tract based on the applied data normalization model.
 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, further comprising: obtaining near real-time data associated with at least one of the land tract, the crop, and weather information; and applying a data normalization model for normalizing harvest yield data based on the received combine harvest data, the received high-resolution harvest data, the obtained edge compute data, and the obtained near real-time data.
 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the yield monitor sensor that is on-board a harvesting vehicle measures at least one of a weight and mass associated with crops that are harvested by the harvesting vehicle.
 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the yield monitor sensor that is on-board a harvesting vehicle comprises at least one of an impact pate that measures a weight of crops that are harvested by the harvesting vehicle, and an optical sensor that measures a volume of crops that are harvested by the harvesting vehicle.
 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the yield monitor sensor that is on-board a harvesting vehicle further comprises a location monitor that resolves a location of the harvesting vehicle, and wherein, the location data is associated with the combine harvest data to determine combine harvest data for a portion of the land tract.
 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the sensor suite that is on-board the aerial vehicle comprises at least one of a high-resolution camera, a light detection and ranging (“LIDAR”) sensor, a radio detection and ranging (“RADAR”) sensor device, and an infrared optical sensor.
 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein the high-resolution camera measures at least one of a number of ears on a stalk of the crop and the size of the ears on a stalk of the crop.
 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein LIDAR measures a height of a stalk of the crop.
 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein the RADAR measures at least one of a position of stalk of the crop relative to each other, and the density of stalks of the crop within a portion of the land tract.
 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein the sensor suite that is on-board the aerial vehicle further comprises a means for computing a location associated with each measurement obtained by the sensor suite.
 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the land tract data associated with the obtained edge computing data comprises historical yield data associated with at least a portion of the land tract.
 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the crop data associated with the obtained edge computing data comprises historic data associated with a seed varietal that is planted in at least a portion of the land tract, wherein the historical data further comprises at least one of expected height of a stalk of the crop, expected number of ears on a stalk of the crop, and the expected size of ears on a stalk of the crop.
 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the historic weather information associated with the obtained edge computing data comprises at least one of average rainfall data associated with the agricultural cycle.
 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein farm practices data associated with the obtained edge computing data comprises at least one of fertility program data, tillage program data, and crop protection program data.
 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein segmenting the data further comprises identifying a location associated with each received combine harvest data, and the received high-resolution harvest data.
 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein segmenting the data further comprises identifying combine harvest data and high-resolution harvest data that is associated with a portion of the land tract.
 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the computed normalized harvest yield data is sent to a computing device for generating recommendations for obtaining optimal yield.
 19. The computer-implemented method of claim 2 wherein the harvesting vehicle is a first harvesting vehicle, and further comprising applying the normalization model to the segmented data for normalizing harvest yield data, the normalization model applied to received combine harvest data of the first and a second harvesting vehicles, the received high-resolution harvest data, and the obtained edge compute data.
 20. A computer readable non-transitory memory storing instructions executable in a processor, the instructions when executed causing operations comprising: receiving combine harvest data from a harvesting vehicle, the combine harvest data obtained from a yield monitor sensor that is on-board the harvesting vehicle, the combine harvest data comprising data collected from a first portion of a land tract; receiving high-resolution harvest data from an aerial data delivery vehicle, the high-resolution harvest data obtained from a sensor suite that is on-board the aerial vehicle, the high-resolution harvest data comprising data collected from at least the first portion of the land tract; obtaining edge compute data, the edge compute data comprising additional information related to at least one of the land tract, the crop, historic weather information associated with an agricultural cycle, and farm practices data; segmenting the received combine harvest data, the received high-resolution harvest data, and the obtained edge compute data; applying a normalization model to the segmented data for normalizing harvest yield data, the normalization model applied to the received combine harvest data, the received high-resolution harvest data, and the obtained edge compute data; and computing a normalized harvest yield for at least a portion of the land tract based on the applied data normalization model. 